The article “a” or “an” should match the sound of the abbreviation or acronym, not the word for which it stands.Īn HMO report, a MRSA infection (usually pronounced Mersa), a NICU (usually pronounced nick-you) VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test On subsequent occurrences, use the abbreviation In these instances, write the abbreviation, then spell out in parentheses, even if it appears only once in the article. In instances when an abbreviation has become the de facto name, spelling out may cause confusion, particularly if the term appears only once. These terms may also be used in running heads. In long titles, the following abbreviations can be used without being spelled out, provided the terms are spelled out in the Abstract or, for letters, in the first paragraph. (can be abbreviated when used inside parentheses otherwise, spell out) US (when used as an adjective write out when used as a noun) UK (when used as an adjective write out when used as a noun) SI units used with a numeral are never spelled out. RNA, DNA, cDNA, mRNA, tRNA, or rDNA (Note: c, complementary m, messenger t, transfer r, ribosomal) PCR (Also see reverse transcription PCR and real-time reverse transcription PCR in the section above.) M, F (male, female use abbreviations in tables and figures only write out in text)
Kbp, kb, and bp (when used with a numeral, but spell out when not used with a numeral) The following are used without spelling out on first mention (list not comprehensive).Īa (when followed by numbers )īCG (but at first mention specify Mycobacterium bovis BCG)īp, kb, kbp (when used with a numeral, but spell out when not used with a numeral)īSE (can be used in the title if "bovine spongiform encephalopathy" is used in the abstract or, for letters, in the first paragraph of the text can be used in the running head)ĬSIRO (The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, the national government body for scientific research in Australia)ĭNA, RNA, cDNA, mRNA, tRNA, or rDNA (Note: c, complementary m, messenger t, transfer r, ribosomal)ĮMBL (European Molecular Biology Nucleotide Sequence Database)į, M (male, female use abbreviations in tables and figures only write out in text) See the section on Acronym Use with Virus NamesĪbbreviations and Initialisms Not Spelled Out in Text and Titles We submitted it under GenBank accession no. In text, use “number” when followed by a word, “no.” when followed by a numeral.
#Abbreviation for the word program skin
Use STI for sexually transmitted infection but not for soft tissue infection (SSTI okay for skin and soft tissue infection). If the term is used >3 times, the abbreviation rRT-PCR can be used.Īvoid SOB (shortness of breath, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria), if possible. Spell real-time reverse transcription at first use use a hyphen in the term real-time, but do not use an en dash between reverse transcription and PCR. If the term is used >3 times, the abbreviation RT-PCR can be used. Spell reverse transcription at first use do not use an en dash between reverse transcription and PCR. Spell nucleotide when followed by words abbreviate nt without definition when followed by numbers (absolute or percentage).
Spell out amino acid when followed by words abbreviate aa without definition when paired with numbers (absolute or percentage).ĭefine C t at first use. Spell out on first mention and use only if it occurs a substantial number (>3 times) of times (subject to editorial discretion). Use standard abbreviations only do not make up abbreviations. OIE, World Organisation for Animal HealthĪvoid excessive abbreviations. When writing out affiliations, use the official spelling, which may or may not be American spelling. Affiliations may be abbreviated at the author’s discretion in the Address for Correspondence. Abbreviations can, however, be used in a heading if previously established.Ībbreviations should be written out in Affiliations and Acknowledgments (unless abbreviated in text). For the purposes of this section, “abbreviation” will refer to all of these.ĭo not introduce an abbreviation in a heading. An abbreviation is a truncated word an acronym is made up of parts of the phrase it stands for and is pronounced as a word (ELISA, AIDS, GABA) an initialism is an acronym that is pronounced as individual letters (DNA, RT-PCR).
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